Squint
نویسنده
چکیده
The investigation and treatment of strabismus take up a high proportion 0 ophthalmologist's time. Its treatment is rewarding for the patients are often chi^ in whom the prevention of amblyopia, restoration of binocular vision and imp^ ment in appearance will be of great benefit for the remainder of their lives-j assessment of a diplopic patient is an interesting exercise and may contribute mu a neurological diagnosis. The patient, if adult, usually complains of blurred or double vision. A great d^ time and trouble are often saved if uniocular diplopia be excluded from the If his blurred vision disappears when he closes each eye separately, then his dip is binocular. Many patients with astigmatism or early cataract complain of ' d vision" (this, in a sense, is true, though "blurred vision" would be more cC, which, of course, remains in the affected eye(s) when the other is closed. The pa can try out this test on the spot so that binocular and uniocular diplopia & immediately differentiated. _. The first aim in diagnosis is to decide whether a patient has an (a) incomrt3 ? (b) concomitant squint. Usually the former are adults complaining of double ^ and the latter children. The term "incomitant" implies that the visual axes of the eyes are not both pointing towards the object of attention in all directions ol b A paralysis or paresis of, say, the right lateral rectus muscle will result in mis-alig11 when the patient looks to the right and therefore diplopia: there is no abnor^ in the other directions. The term "concomitant" strabismus means that the V axes maintain the same, abnormal, relation to each other in all directions ot e The visual axis can be regarded as a line drawn from the macula through the c of the pupil. COVER TEST ?-Jit Before history taking, aetiology and mechanisms are discussed, it is convefl1 ^ describe this important part of the examination. The cover test proper is an obJe^ means of determining the presence of squint and is particularly useful for ch1, with concomitant squints. Various refinements are used but the form to be de_sC, is the basic one for the detection of a manifest squint?whether it is concormta, incomitant. See Plate XIX. Tell the patient to look at an object e.g. the tip of ape^ held at about arm's length from his eyes, and to keep looking at it. Now cover …
منابع مشابه
Lefty Proteins Are Long-Range Inhibitors of Squint-Mediated Nodal Signaling
The regulation of signaling pathways by feedback inhibitors has become an emerging theme in the control of pattern formation during development. Nodal and Lefty proteins belong to divergent subfamilies of the TGF-beta family. Nodal signals promote mesendoderm induction in vertebrates, and Lefty proteins antagonize it. In zebrafish, Squint functions as a long-range Nodal signal during mesoderm i...
متن کاملThe management of squint.
Squint may be the first sign of a serious ocular or systemic disorder, and yet it is also one of the most common ocular conditions of childhood. It follows that while most ocular deviations have no such sinister connotations, an understanding of the range of associations is essential to be prepared for this comparatively infrequent but important possibility. Screening for squint has been covere...
متن کاملThe management of squint
Squint may be the first sign of a serious ocular or systemic disorder, and yet it is also one of the most common ocular conditions of childhood. It follows that while most ocular deviations have no such sinister connotations, an understanding of the range of associations is essential to be prepared for this comparatively infrequent but important possibility. Screening for squint has been covere...
متن کاملSignal properties of spaceborne squint-mode SAR
This paper presents signal properties of spaceborne, strip-map SAR for very large squint angles. Doppler centroid, azimuth bandwidth, and exposure time are derived in terms of the platform attitude and elevation angle. This allows a description of the Doppler centroid variation with range and terrain height, and explains a possible range dependence of azimuth bandwidth at high squint. The yaw a...
متن کاملGender differences and delay in presentation of childhood squint.
OBJECTIVE To assess gender differences and delay in presentation of childhood squint in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS It was a series of children presenting with squint at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. We retrospectively studied the cases presenting between February 2000 and July 2007. RESULTS A total of 107 children with squint were seen. Of these, 55 (52.4%) wer...
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